<p>Historic Oakwood is a neighborhood in downtown Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, on the National Register of Historic Places, and known for its Historic Oakwood Cemetery, its many Victorian houses and its location close to the Mordecai Plantation Manor. Located near the State Capitol and St. Augustines Chapel, during the 19th century Historic Oakwood was home to prominent members of Raleighs society. It is North Carolinas largest, intact 19th Century residential neighborhood and Raleighs earliest white middle-class suburb. Unlike later suburbs, it developed lot-by-lot over time, instead of by platted sections. Its Victorian-era architectural styles include Second Empire, Queen Anne, and Italianate. Later infill brought the bungalow, the American Foursquare, American Craftsman style, and the Minimal Traditional house to the area.</p><br>
<p>Oakwood is also known for its Christmas Candlelight Tour, which opens private historic residences to the public, and the Garden Tour, which allows the public to see the vast gardens worked on by the Oakwood Gardening Club.</p><br>
<p>Oakwood was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, with additions made in 1987, 1988, and 1989. It is also one of six local historic overlay districts (HOD). Several Oakwood residences are also individually recognized as Local Historic Landmarks.</p><br>
<p>Montgomery House in Madison, Mississippi is a picturesque one-story Gothic Revival house that was built in c. 1852. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Its design is attributed to British-born architect Frank Wills, who is known for his designs of Gothic Revival churches. Wills designed the Chapel of the Cross in Madison which was built during 1850–52.</p><br>
<p>The William Montgomery House is an historic, American mansion that is located on South Queen Street in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States. Built in 1803, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 18, 2000.</p><br>
<p>It has been recognized as one of the best Federal-style buildings in Lancaster.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The William Montgomery House was designed by the architect Stephen Hills, who also designed the first Pennsylvania State Capitol building in 1803. It was owned by William Montgomery, a prominent, local attorney. Bought in 1960 by the next-door Watt & Shand department store, it was vacated after the store closed in 1995.</p><br>
<p>When the Lancaster County Convention Center was built during the late 2000s, the house was preserved externally and is a feature of the attached Lancaster Marriott&#39;s main lobby. In 2012, a project began to renovate the interior to convert it to high-end meeting spaces. The newly branded Montgomery Mansion is slated to open in November 2013.</p><br>
<p>Lee House in Batesville, Mississippi was built in 1888. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant as it is "the only Andrew Johnson residence in Batesville and is an excellent example of his ornamented L-shape cottage style."</p><br>
<p>It is a one-story ornamented cottage with a three-bay gallery with an intricate balustrade. It has irregular massing and fenestration, and a steep roof which is emphasized by a projecting pavilion. Paired and single brackets are used to support a cornice, and single brackets support the shallow eaves of the main roofline.</p><br>
<p>J. Sterling Morton High School East Auditorium, also known as Chodl Auditorium, is a Beaux-Arts building in Cicero, Illinois that was built in 1925 for J. Sterling Morton High School East. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. With a seating capacity of 2,545 the Chodl Auditorium was a popular place for community events and high school productions. It was the largest high school auditorium and non-commercial stage in the state. The stage, in fact, was big enough to serve as a regulation basketball floor. Theatrical productions were staged in the fall and spring when gym classes were held outside.</p><br>
<p>On September 18, 2013, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra performed their 2013 Community Concert at Chodl Auditorium. More than 2,000 individuals attended the concert, including Illinois Lieutenant Governor Sheila Simon and local dignitaries.</p><br>
<p>Big Black River Railroad Bridge is a 465 ft concrete open-spandrel arch bridge over the Big Black River built in 1917 near Bovina, Mississippi. It spans the river between Warren County and Hinds County; the nearest settlements are Bovina  and Edwards, Mississippi .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Open-spandrel concrete arch bridges were built in the early 1900s in areas where concrete was not too expensive relative to alternatives and where the span would be sufficiently high so that the arch could span the requisite distance. (Truss bridges can be built lower.)</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Crossroads building at 1212 University Avenue in Honolulu, Hawaii was designed in 1935 by Claude A. Stiehl, who combined features of Asian, European, and Hawaiian architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. The buildings on the attractively landscaped 2.25 acre lot are built of wood, stucco, and stone with decorative elements. The interior courtyard is surrounded by covered walkways that connect the main sanctuary with offices, meeting halls, and a small seminar room. The red columns throughout the complex were inspired by the Summer Palace and Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China. At the raised front end of the classic, cross-shaped nave are an altar of Philippine mahogany and four wood carvings with symbols of Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism.</p><br>
<p>The eclectic architecture of the church buildings well reflect the varied ethnicity of the congregation, whose founders in 1923 formed the first racially mixed Protestant congregation in the Territory of Hawaii. Its charter members were students from a parochial school, Mid-Pacific Institute, which was founded to Americanize and evangelize local-born children, and from a public school, President William McKinley High School, where two-thirds of the students in 1930 were Japanese Americans. Among its first leaders were a handful of White American educational evangelists with strong ties to Asia and Hawaii. Its first pastor (1923&ndash;1946) was Galen R. Weaver, a graduate of Ohio State University and Union Theological Seminary in New York who had originally planned to become a missionary in China.</p><br>
<p>After meeting during its early years at Mission Memorial Hall, across the street from the Kawaiahao Church and Mission Houses (but later taken over by the City), the congregation began raising funds and looking for its own site. By 1929, the membership of 174 included 64 of Japanese descent, 63 of Chinese, and 47 of other local ethnicities. Few were over 30 years old, but they managed to buy and improve a parcel of land on University Avenue, within walking distance of Mid-Pacific Institute, for $20,000. By the time the building was finished, the project cost almost $50,000, $40,000 of which came from major local benefactors. It was dedicated in December 1935.</p><br>
<p>Big Black River Battlefield is the site of the Battle of Big Black River Bridge, fought May 17, 1863, as part of the Vicksburg campaign in the American Civil War. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The site retains vestiges of Confederate and Union campsites, and of Union fortifications, and of Confederate defenses, and wreckage of ships CSS Charm and CSS Paul Jones remain.</p><br>
<p>A Big Black River Railroad Bridge, built at the site much later, in 1917, is listed on the National Register for its architecture.</p><br>
<p>Planters Hall in Vicksburg, Mississippi was built in c.1834. It is a two-story brick Greek Revival building with brick laid in Flemish bond. Its first floor was a bank, and the second floor was a living quarters once occupied by the bank president. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. The boundaries of the listing were increased in 1988 to include two dependencies built before 1854: a kitchen and a carriage house/stable.</p><br>
<p>During the 1863 Siege of Vicksburg it was occupied by Colonel Allen Thomas and his staff of the Louisiana Regiment. It was apparently not damaged in the siege, despite being within a few blocks of the Mississippi River.</p><br>
<p>The kitchen is a two-story brick building; the carriage house/stable is a one-story stuccoed brick building.</p><br>
<p>Leland Historic District in Leland, Mississippi is a 165 acre historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination claims that the "density and diversity" of historic resources in the historic district area qualify it for NRHP listing, and that the district has local significance in the topic areas of architecture and of community planning and development. It includes 326 separately identified contributing buildings, four other contributing resources, and a number of intruding, non-contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>The 1938 USA Post Office in the district is separately listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Griffin–Spragins House  is located in Refuge, Mississippi, approximately 10 mi southwest of Greenville.</p><br>
<p>Built in approximately 1850, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Francis Griffin purchased land in 1831 on a high ridge bordering the Mississippi River where he established "Refuge Plantation". The "Refuge Plantation House", shaded by oak trees and protected from the river by a levee system, was erected with a view of the river.</p><br>
<p>The Griffins lost much of their fortune during the Civil War, and were forced to sell the property. A subsequent owner was Edmund Richardson, one of the wealthiest cotton growers in the south.</p><br>
<p>The home remains today one of the best examples of a mid-nineteenth-century plantation house in Washington County.</p><br>
<p>Madison Historic District in Madison, Georgia is a historic district that was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Its boundaries were increased in 1990 and it then encompassed 356 contributing buildings, three other contributing structures, four contributing objects, and three contributing sites.</p><br>
<p>It includes:</p><br>
<p>The elaborate Beaux Arts style 1905 Morgan County Courthouse. Made with brick and limestone it was designed by J. S. Golucke and Company and built by the Winder Lumber Company. It was described as being "distinguished by a pronounced, enriched entablature, limestone lintels, sills and string courses, giant order Corinthian or Composite columns and a large, domed cupola".</p><br>
<p>Bonar Hall, a brick Georgian home built in 1839 by cotton-magnate John Byne Walker and Eliza Fannin, one of the first "grand homes" in Madison, flanked on either side by brick summer houses and in the back by the original brick kitchen and two matching "necessaires". The house has a Victorian front porch and side porch both added in the early 1880s by the second owners, the William Broughtons, and was carefully restored by the present owners, Newtons, cousins of Eliza Fannin. separately NRHP-listed</p><br>
<p>Carter-Newton House, a Greek Revival "grand home", built circa 1849 by Carter Sheppard, a major cotton grower with 2,440 acres in the county and a saw mill. It was purchased in 1868 by Electa Carter and was modified somewhat in 1906 by her cousins, the Edward Newtons, who joined the Carters there, the house remaining with that family ever since. Greek Revival style</p><br>
<p>Boxwood, built in 1851-2 by Wilds Kolb, Madisons richest man before the war. It is a town house based on "a Suburban Cottage in the Italian Style" from Andrew Jackson Downings pattern book called The Architecture of Country Houses. It has, unusually, three stories and two facades, one facing Old Post Road, which has a classical one-story Doric portico and another facing Academy Street which is Italianate in style with a veranda. The original formal English boxwood gardens grace both entrances. It is now owned by the Floyd Newton&#39;s, whose family has owned it since 1906.</p><br>
<p>Heritage Hall, another Greek Revival home, built in 1811 and purchased in 1830 by Dr. Elijah Evans Jones, a prominent physician in Madison who extensively modified and expanded it, adding the front porch and columns. Dr. Jones was also the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Georgia Female College in Madison and a major shareholder in the Georgia Railroad. Formerly known as the Jones-Turnell-Manley House, it was constructed 200 feet from its current location and moved in 1909 when the owner at the time, Mr. Stephen Turnell, sold a portion of the homes acreage for the construction of a new Methodist church. The entire home was lifted, placed on logs, and pulled by horses and mules to its current site. In 1923, Mr. Turnell transformed the home into Travelers Inn. Heritage Hall was a private residence until 1977 when it was donated to the Morgan County Historical, Inc., and it has been operated ever since as a house museum, open daily.</p><br>
<p>Joshua Hill House, a Greek Revival home built around 1840 by Joshua Hill, noted Georgian of the Civil War and Reconstruction eras. He was born in 1812 and drawn into the American or Know-Nothing party when the Whig party in Ga. collapsed and was elected to Congress in 1856, defeating Linton Stephens. An outspoken opponent of succession, Hill resigned his seat in 1861 rather than withdraw with the other members of the Ga. delegation. In 1863 he made an unsuccessful bid for the governorship. After the war, Hill participated actively in the work of Reconstruction as a member of the constitutional convention of 1865 and as a USA As a friend of General William Sherman while in Congress, he may be responsible for having saved Madison from destruction by pleading with Gen. Sherman, before his famous "March to the Sea", not to burn his town.</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church, designed by William C. Wilson, built in 1858 with brick donated by John Byne Walker</p><br>
<p>St. Paul AME Church, with E. P. Neal as builder</p><br>
<p>Madison Graded School, a fine old two-story Romanesque Revival red brick building designed by Tinsley and Wilson and built in 1895, the first graded schoolhouse in the southeast. Last used as a school in 1957, it has operated since 1976 as the Madison-Morgan Cultural Center and has the original auditorium and school bell which still rings for the many visitors who enjoy the full schedule of exhibitions, performances and other programs throughout the year.</p><br>
<p>The Human Services Center in Yankton, South Dakota is a psychiatric hospital that was built in 1882. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>It was included in the National Trust for Historic Preservations 2009 list of Americas Most Endangered Places. "Founded in 1879 as the South Dakota Hospital for the Insane, the institution’s collection of neo-Classical, Art Deco and Italianate buildings have long stood vacant, and the state plans to tear down 11 of them."</p><br>
<p>The institution&#39;s name has been changed several times from South Dakota State Hospital for the Insane to South Dakota Lunatic Asylum to South Dakota State Hospital, to Yankton State Hospital.</p><br>
<h2>History and present state</h2><br>
<p>In 1879, Governor William A. Howard considered the cities of Vermillion, Elk Point, and Canton when he finally decided on Yankton. Yankton is situated on the Missouri River and was at that time the capital of the sparsely-settled Dakota Territory (encompassing present-day North and South Dakota). The hospital was constructed at a total cost of $2,286.85. During the first six months 31 patients were admitted. In 1880, 50 patients caused overcrowding, and the hospital was also understaffed. The population of Yankton was over 3,400, a remarkable increase from the less than 50 in 1859. In 1899, a devastating fire took the lives of seventeen women patients. This led the legislature to seriously consider giving much needed funds to the hospital. They built new smaller buildings, taking precautions to make the walls fireproof, and the rooms for the patients were made much smaller.</p><br>
<p>In 1918, the name of the hospital was officially changed from Dakota Hospital for the Insane to the Yankton State Hospital. This was done because of complaints that the original name had a derogatory connotation and other types of patients such as alcoholics, drug addicts, and epileptics were also housed there. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the institution and the rest of the nation, went through a very difficult period. An increasing rate of admissions combined with a decreasing budget due to the Great Depression. Overcrowding was a serious problem in the mid and late 1930s. However, incoming patients were released within a few months, due to updates in healthcare, thus helping to ease the overcrowding problem.</p><br>
<p>The famous psychiatrist, Leo Kanner, MD, served at YSH from 1924 to 1928, after immigrating to the United States from Austria. It was here that he learned most about disabled children and ultimately led him to define classic autism for the first time. While at YSH, Kanner also published medical articles about syphilis, generalized paralysis, and adrenaline.</p><br>
<p>World War II disrupted the flow of progress. Wages at the institution were poor and with so many men gone to war, hospital employees left to take up better-paying jobs. The 1950s brought increased understanding of mental illness and relatives of patients were more willing to accept them, rather than wanting to hide them in Yankton. Medical work at Yankton became more systematized than ever before. Changing attitudes toward the mentally ill contributed greatly to improving conditions at the hospital. Various forms of physical force, such as the use of strait-jackets, were discontinued.</p><br>
<p>The 1960s saw a significant enlargement of the medical staff. While the staff was also of better quality than at any previous time, patients being locked up in the back wards as punishment and being threatened with never getting out of the hospital for disobeying the rules continued. The need was also seen at this time for a geriatric department. In addition, the population at the hospital continuously decreased year after year. From 1968 to 1973, a great deal of activity took place. Construction was started on a new central building as well as another facility. In addition, four other buildings were renovated. On July 1, 1974, the name of the facility was changed from Yankton State Hospital to the South Dakota Human Services Center. The change was enacted by session of the Legislature to more clearly reflect the services such as dietary help, mental health, drug addicts, alcoholics, geriatrics, and epileptics.</p><br>
<p>The 1980s saw further development in services and programs available to HSC patients. In 1991, Governor George S. Mickelson found it would be more costly to renovate the old buildings dating back to the 1800s than to construct new ones specifically designed to meet the needs of the state. Governor Mickelson advanced bills proposing design and construction of a new psychiatric facility which passed by an overwhelming majority of the 1992 State Legislature.</p><br>
<p>Dedication and Ground Breaking Ceremonies were held on April 28, 1994. Recognizing the efforts of Governor Mickelson, the new facility was dedicated "George S. Mickelson Center for the Neurosciences." The new facility was completed in the fall of 1996 and was occupied in October 1996. Skywalks have been built to connect the partially renovated original buildings. The hospital remains in operation although many original buildings have been turned into a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Photographs</h2><br>
<p>1935 aerial photo of the Yankton State Hospital complex: https://web.archive.org/web/20120304070248/http://www.daylife.com/photo/02JC8aY5QhaL5</p><br>
<p>Boone Tavern is a restaurant, hotel, and guesthouse affiliated with Berea College in Berea, Madison County, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>Boone Tavern Hotel of Berea College is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Boone Tavern was built in 1909 to house guests of the college. It is named for early Kentucky explorer Daniel Boone. The "Tavern" portion of the name derives from the historic definition that refers to a public inn for travelers rather than the modern definition related to the sale of alcoholic beverages.</p><br>
<p>Construction of Boone Tavern began in 1907 based on designs by the New York architect J. Cleaveland Cady of Cady & See. The building was built with bricks manufactured by students in the colleges brickyard and was constructed by the colleges Woodwork Department at a total cost of $20,000.</p><br>
<p>Located on the College Square in the heart of Berea where the old Dixie Highway crossed the campus, the hotel and restaurant became a popular destination with the traveling public from the beginning of the "automobile age." In the 1930s the establishment was featured in Duncan Hines&#39; Adventures in Good Eating guidebooks. Under the direction of Richard T. Hougen, who headed the restaurant for 35 years beginning in 1940 and published three cookbooks, Boone Tavern established a reputation for fine Southern cooking.</p><br>
<h2>Management</h2><br>
<p>Boone Tavern is owned by Berea College and students make up about 15% of the staff at the hotel and restaurant. Guest rooms feature solid cherry wood furniture made by Berea College Student Crafts. Berea is a work college whose students are required to work at least ten hours per week at Boone Tavern or another college department or work area in exchange for receiving a tuition-free college education.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the college undertook an extensive renovation project on Boone Tavern at an estimated cost of $9.6 million, with the aim of converting it into Kentucky&#39;s first LEED-certified hotel while preserving its historic character.</p><br>
<p>Currently, alcohol can be sold now at Boone Taverns restaurant, and diners can legally purchase alcohol in the restaurant; hotel guests can also bring alcohol into their rooms. Before April 2012, Berea had been the largest city in the state with no provision for legal alcohol sales. In that month, the precinct that includes Boone Tavern voted in favor of allowing sales of alcohol by the drink at its restaurant. The vote was held under a Kentucky law that allows such a vote with regard to state-defined "qualified historic sites". However, the colleges board of trustees chose not to sell alcohol until fall of 2014. The college was historically opposed to alcohol, and according to the then-current president of the college, a decision to approve alcohol sales would "put us in an awkward position" with two other restaurants that rent space in buildings attached to the tavern. Those two restaurants would not be allowed to sell alcohol because the attached buildings are not classified as "qualified historic sites" under the aforementioned law. As of 2022, the Boone Tavern Restaurant, Frost Cafe, and Local Food dining options all offer alcoholic beverages for sale.</p><br>
<p>The Rivoli Theatre in South Fallsburg, New York, United States is located at the intersection of NY 42 and Laurel Avenue. It was built in 1923, renovated in the late 1930s and remains almost intact from that period.</p><br>
<p>It was a major local source of entertainment, both live and filmed, in the area during the peak years of the Jewish summer resorts in that region of the Catskills. Today a community theatre program continues to put on plays there every summer. In 2001 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On July 6, 2012, the Rivoli Theatre once again began running movies. Using a Christie 35-mm projector and platter system, the Sullivan County Dramatic Workshop, Inc. (owners of the Rivoli Theatre) continued the film tradition. The first movie exhibited was Madagascar 3: Europe&#39;s Most Wanted.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The theater building consists of two separate sections: a six-by-three-bay front with the foyer and lobby, and a one-story, seven-bay auditorium. It is built of concrete block, faced in buff brick with red coursing and trim. The side and rear are parged with brick piers dividing the bays. The front of the roof is behind a parapet; the rear is gabled. Both roof sections are shingled in asphalt.</p><br>
<p>The front marquee is a three-sided neon sign supported by chains, augmented by a vertical neon sign on the front. The lobby and foyer are in their original size and shape but have been refinished in newer materials. The 160 ft auditorium is still in its original Art Deco style. Its flat ceiling and coved walls are covered in asbestos paneling done in various patterns of geometric shapes. A large original light fixture is at the center of every wall panel. A new automatic movie screen was installed in June 2012.</p><br>
<p>The second floor is used for prop storage, costume rooms and a projector room. The rest of the second floor is being renovated to be used as rehearsal rooms. Finishes there are mostly intact.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Beginning at the turn of the century, South Fallsburg saw heavy Jewish immigration. Many of the newcomers had come to a local resort during the summertime and decided to stay year-round and open or operate an existing one themselves, catering to their co-religionists. By the early 1920s the hamlet was overwhelmingly Jewish, with the local synagogue expanding drastically and meeting every week to admit new members.</p><br>
<p>Israel Kaplan and his son Arch opened the Rivoli to provide entertainment for summer vacationers in 1923. They are credited as designers, but the similarities to Emil Motels Rialto Theatre in nearby Monticello suggest that Motel, who is credited with the Rivolis later redesign, was the original architect of the Rivoli as well.</p><br>
<p>The Rivoli was a success, showing both movies and live stage productions. In 1937 the Kaplans had the theater expanded to accommodate 600 and remodeled in the then-current Art Deco style. Its prosperity continued throughout the Catskill resort era, where the live-entertainment Borscht Belt nurtured many future stars. Former patrons remember frequent lines around the corner.</p><br>
<p>At the end of 1997, Alice Rosenshein Manzi, a descendant of the Kaplans who had been renting the theater out as a fruit stand to make ends meet, closed the theater. The following year the interior was repainted and a new heating and cooling system added. They put on movies and plays each summer, and a local music promoter has also staged shows there. In 2011 the troupe began raising the matching funds for a state grant to restore the marquee.</p><br>
<p>Before forming the hard rock band KISS, Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley played the Rivoli in the early 1970s with their band Wicked Lester/Rainbow.</p><br>
<p>On July 6, 2012, the Rivoli Theatre once again began running movies. Using a Christie 35-mm projector and platter system, the Sullivan County Dramatic Workshop, Inc. (owners of the Rivoli Theatre) continued the tradition of film. The first movie exhibited was "Madagascar 3: Europe&#39;s Most Wanted".</p><br>
<p>From a grant application shortly after the Sullivan County Dramatic Workshop&#39;s purchase of the theatre:</p><br>
<p>The original building on the Rivoli site was built in 1910. This building&#39;s original foundation is under the north-east corner of the present Rivoli.</p><br>
<p>The present Rivoli Theatre is the product of two distinct building phases. The original was constructed in 1923. Although its design has been attributed to Israel Kaplan and his son Arch, recent research suggests that Emil Motl, who was responsible for the 1937 remodel, was also the architect of the original building. An expansion and remodel was done in 1937,</p><br>
<p>The 1923 marquee was a simple iron canopy with decorative metal cresting and opaque glass tiles. In 1937, this was replaced (or concealed) by a square neon sign with an elaborate decorative crest. The current marquee is a 3 sided sign dating to the 1950s. All three signs were carried by metal chains, the contemporary ones may be the originals. The large vertical neon sign is original.</p><br>
<p>The recessed entrance also reflects two construction phases. The original ticket booth was rectangular and projected a considerable distance into the foyer. It was of wood construction and embellished with opaque glass tiles. The entrance doors were of multi-pane glass and the walls were divided into panels, some doubling as poster frames. The 1937 foyer, which is intact today has a tiled floor and enameled and chrome siding.</p><br>
<p>The lobby and lounge retain their original spatial configurations, but are finished in non-historic materials.</p><br>
<p>The auditorium was constructed in two stages. The original space was 124 feet long and its decorative scheme is unknown. In 1937, a 36-foot addition was added to the rear accommodating six additional rows and a stage. At the same time, the auditorium was completely redecorated in the Art Deco style. The 1937 scheme for the auditorium is completely intact.</p><br>
<p>The Rivoli was purchased in 1998 by the Sullivan County Dramatic Workshop. Seats were removed to accommodate a larger stage, and new heating and cooling systems were installed. In recent years a sound and lighting booth was constructed along with dressing rooms and additional rest rooms.</p><br>
<p>Keauhou Bay is a historic area in the Kona District of the Big Island of Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>The name comes from ke au hou which means "the new era" in the Hawaiian Language.</p><br>
<h2>Kamehameha III&#39;s Birthplace</h2><br>
<p>A small enclosure is maintained by the Daughters of Hawaii to mark the site of the birth of King Kamehameha III in 1814, the second son of Kamehameha I and Keopuolani.</p><br>
<p>The early part of his reign he was under a regency by Kaʻahumanu.</p><br>
<p>He was the longest reigning monarch in the Kingdom of Hawaii, until his death December 15, 1854.</p><br>
<p>The site includes the Kauikeaouli stone (his birth name), added to the Hawaii register of historic places as site 10-37-4383 on January 13, 1978.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 1978 as site 78001018.</p><br>
<p>It is said Kauikeaouli was stillborn, but put on the stone by a visiting Kahuna where he was revived with a sacred chant.</p><br>
<p>The Daughters of Hawaii held a ceremony marking the hundredth anniversary by placing a plaque with Queen Liliuokalani in attendance.</p><br>
<p>They acquired the small parcel including the foundation of the house in 1925.</p><br>
<h2>Other historic sites</h2><br>
<p>To the north of this area is the Kahaluu Bay Historic District, and uphill (mauka) is the Keauhou Holua Slide built under Kamehameha I.</p><br>
<p>The Holua originally extended into Heeia Cove just north of the main bay.</p><br>
<p>To the south is the birth site of the Battle at Kuamoo, fought in 1819.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The Keauhou area includes the Outrigger & Spa at Keauhou Bay, built in 1975, the 22.9 acre Keauhou Shopping Center, two golf courses, timeshare, residential and resort condominiums and single-family residences.</p><br>
<p>The largest convention center in Kona is located at the Sheraton, just South of the bay.</p><br>
<p>The 2,400 acre of the resort are owned by a subsidiary of Kamehameha Schools</p><br>
<p>which sponsors cultural events at the facilities.</p><br>
<p>There is a small boat ramp for public use and commercial tour companies such as Dolphin Discoveries to Kealakekua Bay, and the Keauhou Canoe Club for canoe races.</p><br>
<p>Above the bay the Kona Country Club golf course, built in 1966, was designed by William Bell.</p><br>
<p>Avondale is a neighborhood in south-central Columbus, Georgia located adjacent to and southeast of the central business district in Downtown. It has been a part of the federally recognized Columbus Historic Riverfront Industrial District since 1978. In recent years, the area has experienced an influx of residents and new businesses. It is generally categorized as the area bound by Buena Vista Road and Wynnton Road to the north, 21st Avenue to the south, Brown Avenue to the east, and 10th Ave to the west. In 2009, the estimated population of the area was 3,326.</p><br>
<p>Dinglewood House is a National Register of Historic Places listed building located at 1429 Dinglewood St., Columbus, Georgia. Joel Early Hurt built the Italianate house for his wife Frances and daughter Julia in 1858 and spared no expense. Columbus architecture firm Barringer & Morton produced the drawings.</p><br>
<p>The house reflects several architectural styles: it has French windows, Italianate overhanging eaves with decorative brackets, and a Classical Revival-style entrance with Corinthian columns.</p><br>
<p>West Commerce Street Historic District in Aberdeen, Mississippi is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It includes properties with street numbers from 721 to 919 on the odd-numbered side of W. Commerce St., and from 730 to 900 on the even-numbered side. It is all residential.</p><br>
<p>It consists of 14 contributing houses, built between 1840 and c. 1938, and one contributing structure (a garage) and their outbuildings, with two non-contributing structures interspersed. Among these is the Reuben Davis House, which is separately listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The houses and corresponding structures are:</p><br>
<p>721 W. Commerce (1840), the Mark Prewett House (Panola), Greek Revival</p><br>
<p>727 W. Commerce (c. 1935), Charlie Clark House, Georgian Revival, and its contributing two-story Georgian Revival garage (c. 1935)</p><br>
<p>729 W. Commerce (c. 1915), a -story house with porte cochere, with Colonial Revival influence.</p><br>
<p>730 W. Commerce (1840), Col. Abner Prewett House (Prewett Place). -story, Greek Revival.</p><br>
<p>732 W. Commerce (1850) Dr. William Alfred Sykes House (The Magnolias). A two-story, Greek Revival. Pivotal. Also contributing are its one-story kitchen and its one-story well house, and a non-contributing other outbuilding.</p><br>
<p>803 W. Commerce (1847/1853) Reuben Davis House (Sunset Hill). This two-story central-hall plan house fronted by a portico with "eight massive fluted Doric columns." Greek Revival. Pivotal.</p><br>
<p>807 W. Commerce (c. 1925) Bungalow.</p><br>
<p>800 W. Commerce (c. 1945) Bungalow influence, non-contributing.</p><br>
<p>806 W. Commerce (c. 1845) John Goodwin House. One-story, brick Greek Revival.</p><br>
<p>810 W. Commerce (c. 1900) Free classic Queen Anne.</p><br>
<p>900 W. Commerce (1905) H. B. Sanders House. A two-story bungalow.</p><br>
<p>901 W. Commerce (c. 1955) -story, brick ranch style house, non-contributing.</p><br>
<p>905 W. Commerce (1938) -story, five-bay-wide, brick house.</p><br>
<p>915 W. Commerce (1887) The Andrew J. Brown House (The Oaks). -story frame house. Free classic Queen Anne. And its (c. 1905) garage, and its (c. 1905) gazebo.</p><br>
<p>919 W. Commerce (c. 1885/1937) The Castle. -story house with a polygonal tower. Gothic Revival.</p><br>
<p>The College of Physicians of Philadelphia is the oldest private medical society in the United States. Founded in 1787 by 24 Philadelphia physicians "to advance the Science of Medicine, and thereby lessen human misery, by investigating the diseases and remedies which are peculiar to our country" and to promote "order and uniformity in the practice of Physick," it has made important contributions to medical education and research. The College hosts the Mütter Museum, a gallery of 19th-century specimens, teaching models, instruments, and photographs, as well as the Historical Medical Library, which is one of the country&#39;s oldest medical libraries.</p><br>
<p>The College of Physicians of Philadelphia Building, designed by the firm of Cope & Stewardson and built in 1909, was designated a USA National Historic Landmark in October, 2008. It was also then listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Current programs</h2><br>
<p>The College remains a private membership organization of physicians, whose members or "fellows" attend regular meetings on professional education and development. Starting in 1995 the C. Everett Koop Community Health Information Center has provided current information about medical and health topics to the general public. The Francis Clark Wood Institute for the History of Medicine, founded in 1976, supports seminars and conferences in the history of medicine and the Mütter Museum and the College Library specialize in the history of medicine rather than general medical topics. The Library and Museum are open to the public.</p><br>
<h3>Museum</h3><br>
<p>Founded by Thomas Dent Mütter in 1858 for medical research, the museums contents include medical oddities, anatomical and pathological specimens, and antique medical equipment. Anatomical specimens include the conjoined liver of Siamese twins Chang and Eng Bunker; and a section of the brain of Charles J. Guiteau, who assassinated President Garfield. Medical instruments include a wooden stethoscope and Marie Curies quartz-piezo electrometer</p><br>
<h3>Historical Medical Library</h3><br>
<p>Their library was established in 1788 and served as Philadelphia&#39;s main medical library for over 150 years. It is now a research library specializing in the history of medicine.</p><br>
<p>De sedibus et causis morborum (On the Seats and Causes of Disease) by Giambattista Morgagni was one of the first acquisitions of the library. This book, published in Venice in 1761, was given by Morgagni to John Morgan, a founding fellow of the College. The library&#39;s collection includes over 400 editions printed before 1500, known as incunabula, which is the second-largest collection of medical incunabula in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Over 12,000 other rare books including De motu cordis (On the Motion of the Heart) (1628) by William Harvey and De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body) (1543) by Andreas Vesalius are in the collection.</p><br>
<p>In addition to its rare books and nineteenth- and twentieth-century collections, the College Library is notable for its manuscripts and archives. Within this collection are the College&#39;s own archives, the archives of other Philadelphia medical institutions, and letters, case books, and student notebooks that document the personal life and professional practice of doctors in the Philadelphia region and around the world.</p><br>
<p>The library is open to the public three days per week by appointment only.</p><br>
<p>As members of the Medical Heritage Library and the, the Library&#39;s and have been digitized. Visitors can also view digital exhibitions created by the Library: https://www.cppdigitallibrary.org/.</p><br>
<h2>History of the college</h2><br>
<p>Because of the Quaker tradition of philanthropy, Philadelphia became a leader in the development of medicine in the 18th century. Americas first public hospital, founded 1752, and first medical school, founded 1765, were in Philadelphia, as were some of the earliest public health measures, including Americas first public water supply in the 1790s. By 1783 Benjamin Rush, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, proposed a society similar to Royal College of Physicians in London. The first meeting was held on January 2, 1787. Within weeks the fellows were organizing a library and starting to produce a pharmacopoeia; within a year a series of scientific papers were being presented, which were collected in the Transactions of the College of Physicians starting in 1793.</p><br>
<p>The Colleges public health activism began in 1787 with statement on temperance sent to the Pennsylvania Legislature. In 1793, a yellow fever epidemic broke out in Philadelphia and the College proposed eleven public health measures to the mayor. When the epidemic returned in 1794 and 1797, the College organized the municipal response, proposing a city health law and a Board of Health with the authority to enforce quarantine. In 1841 the College encouraged the city to buy land along the Schuylkill River, to guarantee the purity of the citys drinking water, leading to the establishment of Fairmount Park, the nation&#39;s largest urban park. The College of Physicians’ humanitarian activism was reflected in its efforts to prevent the mentally ill from being executed.</p><br>
<p>The earliest meetings of the College were held at Fourth and Arch Streets but the growth of the library soon made that space inadequate. In 1791, the College moved to a room on the second floor of the American Philosophical Society’s new hall at Fifth and Chestnut Streets, in the group of public buildings surrounding Independence Hall. In the 1840s and 1850s the College moved twice, and in 1859 considered new quarters again when Thomas D. Mütter gave the College his pathology collection, and an endowment of $30,000 to support it, on the condition that the College build a fireproof building to house it within next five years.</p><br>
<p>Architect James H. Windrim designed a utilitarian two-story building that opened on March 4, 1863, at Locust and Thirteenth Streets and cost $40,858.28. In 1885 a third story was added and the interior was transformed into the style of a gentleman&#39;s club. By 1900 the growth of the library and museum collections forced consideration of another move. Andrew Carnegie contributed $50,000 in 1903 to start the building fund, and in 1906 he agreed to contribute the final $50,000 needed for construction. The cornerstone was laid on April 29, 1908, and the building dedicated on November 10, 1909. The completed cost was $289,266, excluding the furniture and finishing of the principal rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The College of Physicians of Philadelphia Building is a two-story rectangular red brick structure with limestone trim that was completed in 1909. Many of its forms are drawn from London&#39;s Royal College of Physicians, designed by Robert Hooke and built in 1673–77. The building houses the library, a lecture hall, the museum, and offices. Three facades are highly decorated – the main facade on South 22nd Street facing west, the northern facade facing Ludlow Street, and the southern facade facing a courtyard. Three broad horizontal bands of limestone – along the basement, at the top of the first floor, and the balustrade – artistically unite all the facades.</p><br>
<p>The 22nd Street facade is most richly ornamented with a grand entrance behind a monumental gate and a wrought iron fence. The entrance is classically composed, flanked by Roman Doric columns with richly carved capitals. Outside this pair of columns are two pilasters, carved with the seal of the College of Physicians, that support a Doric entablature.</p><br>
<p>The interior is an opulent example of the Beaux-Arts architecture. A 30 ft octagonal rotunda, the main hall, and a rich formal marble stair form the central axis, with the main rooms branching off this axis. The stair, which dominates the first story, has a bronze railing and a niche holding a sculpture of Aesculapius, the god of healing. Mitchell Hall, originally called the Hall of Portraits, is a grand ceremonial hall measuring 71 by 48 ft. It holds much of the Colleges art collection, including works by Robert Vonnoh and William Merritt Chase. The Norris Room contains an unusual carved stone Gothic fireplace designed by Theophilus Parsons Chandler Jr. The fireplace was donated in 1885 by George William Childs, publisher of the Philadelphia Public Ledger, and originally built in the Colleges old Locust Street building. The Mütter Museum is a two-storied space surrounded by a gallery in the northeast corner of the building,</p><br>
<h2>Notable fellows</h2><br>
<h3>Founders</h3><br>
<p>Among the 24 founding fellows were:</p><br>
<p>William Currie</p><br>
<p>John Morris</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Duffield</p><br>
<p>Adam Kuhn</p><br>
<p>John Redman, first president of the College</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Rush, signer of the Declaration of Independence</p><br>
<p>John Morgan, founder of America&#39;s first medical school</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Say</p><br>
<p>William Shippen Jr., the second Surgeon General of the Continental Army</p><br>
<p>John Carson, original Trustee of the University of Pennsylvania</p><br>
<p>Nathan Dorsey</p><br>
<h3>Others</h3><br>
<p>Franklin Bache</p><br>
<p>Arthur Caplan</p><br>
<p>Samuel D. Gross</p><br>
<p>Joseph Leidy</p><br>
<p>Joseph Lister, foreign fellow</p><br>
<p>Silas Weir Mitchell, America&#39;s first neurologist</p><br>
<p>Jane M. Oppenheimer</p><br>
<p>Stephen G. Post</p><br>
<p>William Ruschenberger, naval surgeon</p><br>
<p>John Anderson Strong</p><br>
<p>Caspar Wistar</p><br>
<p>C. Everett Koop Former Surgeon General</p><br>
<p>Elaine Zackai</p><br>
<p>The Gruwell and Crew General Store is one of the oldest buildings in West Branch, Iowa. Mayor S.C. Gruwell and J.C. Crew built the structure in 1894, it operated as a music store, harness shop, shoe repair shop, and as a variety store. In 1964 the West Branch Heritage Foundation converted it to a museum. The building has its original false-front facade and wooden ceiling, floor and walls. It is part of the West Branch Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Preservation Iowa has listed the Gruwell and Crew General Store on its most endangered list, citing its deteriorating condition and lack of support.</p><br>
<p>The Union Block of Mount Pleasant, Iowa, was built by William McCandless in 1861. Historically it was used as offices and by the county courts. In the Union Block in 1869, Arabella A. Mansfield became the first woman in the United States to be awarded a license to practice law. The third floor housed the Opera House or Union Hall, a gathering place for the community. Early supporters of women&#39;s rights and civil rights spoke there, including Frederick Douglass, Bronson Alcott, Anna Dickinson, and possibly Elizabeth Cady Stanton.</p><br>
<p>Preservation Iowa had listed Union Block on its most endangered buildings list because of its poor condition and lack of preservation plan. The building was badly damaged by an early morning fire on Jan. 25, 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation Campaign & Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The Union Block Revitalization Committee was formed to raise awareness and funds for the restoration of the Union Block. Money was raised by the people in the community and the building was renovated. It reopened in August 2014 housing businesses on the first and second floors. The ballroom was restored and updated on the third floor making it a hall used for a variety of community gatherings, events, and private parties.</p><br>
<p>The Springfield Schoolhouse, in Springfield, Colorado, is an 1889 rural schoolhouse built with sandstone quarried east of town. It is 53x33 ft in plan. It served as a school until 1920 when it became a Masonic Lodge. It has been known as Springfield Masonic Temple. It originally had a belfrey with school bell, but these elements were lost at some undetermined time.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977,</p><br>
<p>It was acquired by the Springfield Masonic Temple Association during 1921–25.</p><br>
<p>The main floor of the building has been used for meetings of Masonic groups, and there is a kitchen and dining area below. By 1976, the stairway down to the lower level had been covered over and was no longer in use.</p><br>
<p>Rutland Downtown Historic District, is the center of government for Rutland, Vermont. The sector of "downtown" is roughly defined as the area between Strongs Avenue, State, Wales, Washington, Pine, and Cottage Streets. The area is also a major center for business, and is considered the most cultural part of Rutland. Much of the area is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district and includes 90 contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>In the 1890s, the arts flourished in Rutland, especially in music, literature, and theater. Julia Caroline Dorr spurred much of the appreciation of the arts. Her father had built the original Rutland Opera House, and later rebuilt it after a fire destroyed the original structure. In 1913, George Chaffee built another theatre, the Playhouse. The exterior of the Playhouse had a classical style reflecting the City Beautiful movement of the time, while the interior resembled a Victorian era opera house with lavish decoration. The theatre was renamed The Paramount in 1931, and its entertainment shifted from live performance to movies. The movie theater closed in 1975. In 1999, a local group began restoring the theatre to its historic appearance. The theatre reopened in March 2000 and serves again as a center for artistic, cultural, and educational events.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>Numerous events are held in this area, including, in winter, the lighting of the Christmas tree and the Christmas lights near the plaza by Santa Claus, performances by a magician, a Santa Claus children&#39;s lineup, hot chocolate and wagon rides; and, weekly during the summer, a "Friday Night Live" public entertainment, shopping, and dining experience. The annual Crowley Road Race event—a racing event comprising a 10 km run, a 5 km run, and a mile run for children—is held on a Sunday morning in June.</p><br>
<p>Kamehameha V Post Office at the corner of Merchant and Bethel Streets in Honolulu, Hawaii was the first building in the Hawaiian Islands to be constructed entirely of precast concrete blocks reinforced with iron bars. It was built by J.G. Osborne in 1871 and the success of this new method was replicated on a much grander scale the next year in the royal palace, Aliʻiōlani Hale. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 5 May 1972 and was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1987.</p><br>
<p>It was named for King Kamehameha V, who built a number of public buildings during his reign.</p><br>
<p>The building served as a post office until it was converted into a district court office in 1922. In 1976 it was restored by the architects Anderson & Reinhardt as an example of the European Neoclassical architecture and new methods of construction during the Hawaiian Monarchy.</p><br>
<p>The house at 249 Main Street , Nelsonville, New York, United States, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as part of the Hudson Highlands Multiple Resource Area. It was built around 1870 and combines aspects of the Italianate and Carpenter Gothic architectural styles which were prevalent at that time.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story clapboard-sided wood-frame structure on a brick foundation, located next to First Baptist Church of Cold Spring on the western end of the small village. It has intersecting gable roofs, with paneled frieze and decorative vergeboards.</p><br>
<p>In the apex of the gables on all but the south side is a pointed arch window. An oriel window projects from the west wall, echoing a two-story projecting bay on the east. Across the first story of the northern (front) facade is a full porch. In the rear is an offset two-story frame wing with similar gabled roof and vergeboard treatment. It has a small shed-roofed porch of its own on its east.</p><br>
<p>The house is first recorded on a 1912 tax map of the village. Its date of construction is given by the assessor as approximately 1870. It does not appear to have been substantially altered since its construction. The west wing of the house, for example, still maintains its service staircase, linking what was once the staff quarters with the kitchen. There is original stained glass throughout.</p><br>
<p>The Cottonwood Ranch is a historic site near Studley in Valley Township, Sheridan County, Kansas, United States. The ranch is now preserved as a Kansas State Historic Site.</p><br>
<p>The ranch was built by Abraham Pratt, an Englishman who first came to the United States during the years of the Colorado Gold Rush. After returning to England, he immigrated to Kansas with his sons John Fenton and Tom and settled in the Studley vicinity. Beginning in 1885, the men built a one-room stone house with a sod roof and dirt floor. After it proved inadequate for shelter from the winter conditions, it was re-roofed with wood, and it was expanded in later years. Other buildings at the ranch included a sod stable, a sod-walled corral, and a wood-framed outbuilding with a toilet. A storage cistern was constructed to store water from a natural spring on the property.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the ranch property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the John Fenton Pratt Ranch.</p><br>
<p>Montrest is a house on Lane Gate Road outside Nelsonville, New York, United States. It was built after the Civil War as a summer residence by Aaron Healy, a successful New York leather dealer, to take advantage of panoramic views of the Hudson River and surrounding mountains of the Highlands.</p><br>
<p>Eventually he divided the estate between his two sons, and in the early 20th century Montrest, the upper house, became the family&#39;s primary residence. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The Montrest property has been expanded over the years by the Healy family to 160 acre straddling Lane Gate, a dirt road climbing into the hills of Philipstown above the village of Nelsonville. The land gently slopes downward, revealing views of the Hudson, Bull Hill and Storm King Mountain to the west.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of buildings on the property. The main house is a two-and-a-half-story frame building sided in brown and white shingles. It has four intersecting gables on top, a projecting three-story bay with gabled roof on the west side and a two-bay one-story eastern wing. The ground level of the front also has a full veranda with porte-cochere.</p><br>
<p>Downhill a cluster of buildings centers on the farm superintendent&#39;s cottage, a one-and-a-half-story frame structure on stone foundation in a similar Gothic style to the main house. Its gabled roof is crossed on its eastern side by a later extension. Small octagonal windows are in the apex of the front and rear gables. The main entrance is located underneath a cusped arch gable with protruding dormer. Two pointed arch windows form a gabled dormer on the west side, and a porch with scalloped frieze is attached to the northwest corner.</p><br>
<p>To the cottage&#39;s west is a stone-and-frame greenhouse and potting shed. It is not currently in use but was built for an expansion of farming operations at the turn of the 20th century. To the south are some old barns.</p><br>
<p>At the intersection of Lane Gate and the main driveway is the carriage house/stable complex. It is a one-and-a-half -story board-and-batten-sided house on a stone foundation with gabled asphalt roof pierced centrally by a brick chimney. The second story has three small eyebrow windows below the roof overhang. Two extensions project from the west.</p><br>
<p>On the east of Lane Gate is a tenant house, a two-story L-shaped frame building with a raised stone basement sided in shingles as well. A veranda wraps around the front, supported by four piers with decorative corner brackets. To the east is a clapboard-sided, gable-roofed asphalt-shingled garage.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Healy acquired the property in 1867 and commissioned the estate the following year. In 1885 he divided the property between his sons Augustus and Frank, with Augustus taking the lower half and building a house called Breeze Lawn, no longer extant.</p><br>
<p>Around 1900 Frank Healy had several buildings on Montrest expanded by architect Alfred Raymond to support increased farm operations. The greenhouse and tenant house, as well as a chicken coop and corn crib, were built then. By the 1930s automobiles had totally displaced horse travel, and the carriage house was remodeled accordingly, with some additions to allow it to be used as a residence.</p><br>
<p>In 1947 the main house underwent major renovations to allow the Healy family to make it their full-time residence. Among other changes, an indoor laundry room was converted to a two-car garage and storage space. Libby Healy, great-granddaughter of Aaron, still lives in the house. She has added to the property and acquired conservation easements on neighboring parcels in the hope that some of the hiking trails on them will eventually be able to be reopened to the public.</p><br>
<p>St. Stephen&#39;s Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal church building located northeast of Ridgeway, South Carolina, on County Road 106. Built of wood in 1854 in the Carpenter Gothic style, it was designed by the Rev. John Dewitt McCollough, who later became its rector. The exterior was painted a maroon color. In 1920, its exterior wood was covered by brick veneer, so that it appears today as a brick Gothic Revival style building on the outside while the interior retains its Carpenter Gothic features. A wing was added in the 1940s to create space for a parish hall and Sunday school.</p><br>
<p>On May 6, 1971, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History of parish</h2><br>
<p>St. Stephens was founded in 1839 as a chapel of ease for St. Johns Parish, Fairfield, and remained such until 1889 when it became a separate parish. Among its early rectors was the Rev. William Porcher DuBose, who served from 1865 to 1868.</p><br>
<p>Thomasville Commercial Historic District is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and was both increased and decreased in 2004. The modified district, about 60 acre in size, then included 123 contributing buildings, three contributing structures, and a contributing object, as well as 65 non-contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The district consists primarily of one- and two-story commercial buildings built between 1880 and the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>It has a number of buildings dating back to the 1880s. For the historic district the Thomasville Main Street Program helped raise over $44 million for the district.</p><br>
<p>The district includes:</p><br>
<p>Thomas County Courthouse, 225 North Broad Street, separately NRHP-listed</p><br>
<p>Thomasville Depot, separately NRHP-listed (three contributing buildings; within the 2004 increase)</p><br>
<p>B&#39;nai Israel Synagogue, separately NRHP-listed (within the 2004 increase)</p><br>
<p>Hollybrook Building - Brokerage Exchange built in 1882</p><br>
<p>Lapham-Patterson House</p><br>
<p>Thomasville Cultural Center</p><br>
<p>The Kakaako Pumping Station in Honolulu, Hawaii was designed by architect Oliver G. Traphagen in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. He also designed many such bold stone public works buildings in Duluth, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1900, the pumping station features large arched windows, exterior walls of local lava rock, roofs of green tile, and a smokestack 76 feet tall. It was the first sewerage pumping station in Honolulu, Hawaii, designed to address the serious sanitation problems of the rapidly growing city. It is located on an acre of land between the Kewalo Basin and Downtown Honolulu, at Ala Moana Boulevard and Keawe Street.</p><br>
<p>The Ala Moana Pumping Station took over its functions in 1940, and it has remained vacant for many years. Now under the jurisdiction of the Hawaii Community Development Authority, it is slowly being restored by the nonprofit Hawaii Architectural Foundation.</p><br>
<p>Oliver G. Traphagen also designed the "bright and airy" Moana Hotel on Waikiki Beach.</p><br>
<p>The Rice–Gates House is a historic private residence on Southeast Walnut Street in downtown Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. Completed in 1890, the Second Empire architectural style structure stands two stories tall with a mansard roof. The wood building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and is named after several former owners, William Rice, Harry V. Gates, and his son Oliver.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1890, attorney William J. Rice had a new two-story home built for him in an area that was then south of downtown Hillsboro. He sold the home to Harry V. Gates in 1903, a former state legislator. Gates sold the home in 1911 to his son Oliver B. Gates, though Harry continued to live in the house. Both lived in the residence until 1927, and a garage that was once part of the property was added to the adjacent property. The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 8, 1980. As of 2008, parts of the home are in disrepair, including the main steps leading to the home.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>The home is of the Second Empire style and has a mansard roof with diamond shaped shingles. The roof features include a boxed cornice, Gable fronted dormers, and eaves with paired brackets.</p><br>
<p>Siding on the structure is made of horizontal wood boards and is painted yellow with burgundy and Aquamarine accents. Other exterior accents include bracketed posts and wood dentils. There are three porches on the outside as well, each topped with a matching mansard roof on a smaller scale than the main roof. One of these porches is a sun porch enclosed with glass, while the other two have arcaded bases supporting the roof. The posts are decorated with detailed scroll work at the top. Parts of the home have sets of paired windows, and the main entrance has an arched transom light to go with the pediment above the window.</p><br>
<p>The basement is composed of brick arranged in a stretcher bond pattern and is a look-out style with the majority of it above ground. The horizontal siding extends into the second floor with the steep-sloped mansard roof covering the remainder. The structure has two brick chimneys, both on the inside and topped with corbelled caps. Windows on the house are single hung sash windows opening from the bottom. Doors and the windows also have the decorative scroll work similar to that on the porch posts. The Rice–Gates House is on Southeast Walnut Street in the central part of Hillsboro.</p><br>
<p>South Columbus Historic District is a historic district in Columbus, Mississippi that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>According to the nomination:The South Columbus Historic District is a cohesive, well-preserved neighborhood of archi- and historically significant buildings which visually illustrate the citys historical pattern of development since the early 1800s. It contains one of the greatest concentrations of nineteenth century residential structures in the state and exhibits a virtually complete record of American building styles from the 1820s the 1930s. Additionally, the district possesses significant examples of adaptions and combinations of architectural designs which are unique to Columbus; it contains the homes of several persons who played important roles in local, state, and national history; and it includes the site of Columbus oldest industry, Columbus Marble Works (est. 1846).</p><br>
<p>The district was increased in 2005 to add a c. 1900 Late Victorian L-shaped house at 1124 Main St., so that its renovation could benefit from a tax incentive.</p><br>
<p>Properties in the district that are separately listed on the National Register include:</p><br>
<p>Errolton (1854), also known as Weaver Place, at 216 3rd Avenue South.</p><br>
<p>Kenneth Gatchell House (c. 1851–59), 1411 2nd Avenue South. Greek Revival, with "giant order pedimented portico with square paneled columns, portico ascended by double flight of steps, second story balcony."</p><br>
<p>White Arches (c. 1857), also known as Harris-Banks House, 122 7th Avenue South. Italianate.</p><br>
<p>Corner Cottage (c. 1835), also known as Symons House, 304 4th Avenue South, a two-story house with a one-story full-width veranda</p><br>
<p>Riverview (Columbus, Mississippi) (1847–51), also known as Charles McLaran House, 514 2nd Street South. Greek Revival. Two-and-a-half-story brick house with identical front and rear porticos with paneled square columns.</p><br>
<p>The Stephen D. Lee House in Columbus, Mississippi, was built in 1847 by Thomas Garton Blewett. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and declared a Mississippi Landmark in 1985. It was the home of Confederate Lt. Gen. Stephen D. Lee.</p><br>
<p>The house is open for tours on Fridays and features the Florence McLeod Hazard Museum with exhibits on local and regional history, and items dating between 1833 and 1908, the years covering Confederate Gen. Stephen D. Lee’s life.</p><br>
<p>Prices Mill, also known as Callihams  Mill, Stones Mill, and Parks Mill, is a water-powered gristmill about 2 mi east of the town of Parksville on South Carolina Highway 33-138  at Stevens Creek in McCormick County. Its name in the USGS Geographic Names Information System is Prices Mill. It was built in the 1890s and was named to the National Register of Historic Places on November 22, 1972. At this time, it was one of the few remaining water-powered gristmills in South Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>David Calliham, who was son of Nicholas Callaham and was born in Virginia, acquired land on Stevens Creek in Ninety-Six District, South Carolina, around 1768. He established a gristmill on the creek. He died prior to 1784.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the gristmill, a cotton gin and a flour mill have operated nearby. These have been destroyed by floods.</p><br>
<p>The current mill building was constructed in the 1890s. His son, John M. Price, took over the mill. By this time toll milling ceased and the mill purchased corn to grind meal. He produced around 7,000 lb of white or yellow cornmeal in the early 1970s by operating three days a week. He marketed the cornmeal under the mill&#39;s own label in McCormick and Greenwood County retail stores. In this period, he had an employee.</p><br>
<p>According to a 2003 travel guide, the mill is no longer operated.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The mill is a two-story, frame building with a gable roof. It is constructed of rough-hewn pine. It has 12 in by 12 in exposed beams that are mortised and doweled. The building&#39;s foundation is brick piers.</p><br>
<p>The burr-type mill stones are 42 in in diameter. They are enclosed in a wooden housing. The upper or runner stone has a round hole. The lower bedstone has a square hole. Grain enters through a funnel and exits into a bin. The stones can be raised or lowered to adjust the texture of the product.</p><br>
<p>A rock and mortar dam, which was built in the early 19th century, was used at the mill to impound Steven&#39;s Creek. This dam was replaced in 1913 by a 13 ft tall concrete dam. Power is produced by a steel turbine and is delivered by a 50 ft long shaft to a wooden cartwheel gear below the mill building.</p><br>
<p>Fair Lawn is a house located off NY 9D just south of Cold Spring, New York, United States. It was designed by the painter Thomas Prichard Rossiter, who moved into it for the last decade of his life.</p><br>
<p>Subsequent owners modified the house slightly. In 1982, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Fair Lawn is located along a private driveway that begins just opposite Plumbush, the home of cannonmaker Robert Parrott, which was a bed and breakfast until its conversion into a private school in 2013. It is surrounded by trees on three sides, and overlooks Foundry Cove on the Hudson River to the east, with views of Storm King Mountain and the Hudson Highlands beyond.</p><br>
<p>The house itself is three stories high, three bays by three, with a flat roof and dentilled Greek cornice. It is faced in painted brick with stone quoins. There is a brick and shingle hipped-roofed north wing with another flat-roofed section extending from its own north, and an enclosed porch on its west with Tuscan columns. A wraparound porch surrounds the other three elevations, with a porte-cochere at the bottom of a three-story projecting bay on the east (front) facade.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rossiter designed the house and moved in during 1860, when it was completed. After his death in 1871 a new owner, Chalmers Dale, added the wings and upper cornice. There have not been any significant modifications since then.</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls Episcopal Church is a historic Carpenter Gothic style Episcopal church building located on a triangular lot at 416 Southeast Grand Avenue at the corner of Fifth and Green streets in Lees Summit, Missouri, United States. The parish was established in 1867. The original sanctuary and current building were designed by the Rev. Frederick B. Scheetz and completed in 1884. The building is a rare example of an extant wood framed Carpenter Gothic church in the state of Missouri. The interior walls and vaulted ceilings are covered with narrow strips of wood paneling set diagonally on the walls and horizontally on the ceiling. A trio of stained glass windows is set above the wooden altar in the apse at the north end of the transept. The church has received few if any alterations since it was built in 1884.</p><br>
<p>An early description of the newly built church would be accurate today: "The church is frame, 40 feet by 24, with a porch in front 8 by 10 feet, with a bell tower extending above the roof. It is strongly and well built, with a solid stone foundation, which is so high in the rear of the church as to give room for a cellar for wood. The interior is ceiled throughout with narrow stuff put on diagonally, the timbers above do not show."&#39;</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls Episcopal Church embodies a distinctive; type of vernacular adaptation to the earlier Gothic Revival style important in church construction. Economic exigencies as well as available materials quite probably limited this Midwestern frame structure to a relatively small derivative of the more expansive models constructed in the eastern United States. The simple form and decorative features of St. Pauls reflect the Midwestern 19th century philosophy of spiritual beliefs constrained by the realities of the time and place. The continuity in the structure can easily be interpreted to reflect the continuity in the religious community, which began and still maintains the building. St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 9, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s is still an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of West Missouri. The Rev. Mark McGuire is the current rector.</p><br>
<p>http://www.stpaulsls.org/</p><br>
<p>The Oregon Iron Company Furnace, or Oswego Iron Furnace, is an iron furnace used by the Oregon Iron Company, in Lake Oswego, Oregon&#39;s George Rogers Park, in the United States. The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and underwent a major renovation in 2010. and is the oldest industrial landmark in the state of Oregon.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before 1862, the majority of Oregon&#39;s iron came from the East Coast of the United States. Due to the long and difficult journey, these imported iron products from the East were sold up for up to ten times what they originally cost. Aaron K. Olds, a blacksmith who worked with the first iron on Lake Superior, also created the first iron from Oswego ore in 1862 in his iron forge, despite iron ore being discovered there as early as 1841 by Robert Moore, founder of Linn City. According to his daughter Ellenette Olds Booth, Olds had started the forge with intention to smelt the iron ore. Smelting the ore is an important step that would allow Olds to separate the iron from the raw ore, but the ore proved refractory, and Olds was unable to smelt down the iron.</p><br>
<p>However, Olds and his business partner H.S. Jacobs, eventually turned a significant profit from creating horseshoe nails and miners picks that were displayed in Jacobs wagon shop window on Portlands Front Street. The project was, in part, spearheaded by Olds competitor Henry D. Green, who had purchased the water rights to Sucker Creek and a few acres of land above Oswego Landing in 1862. Water rights were important to hold within the industry, as it would provide the steam power necessary to fuel the engines of the furnaces and work the iron. The area that he purchased is present-day George Rogers Park, and would later also be used as the site of the Oregon Iron Company. Henry, along with his brother John and H.C. Leonard, were influential investors as they also owned the Portland Water Company at the time. As they were stakeholders in the water industry, they also hoped to have a hand in production of iron in the west, rather than pay high prices for iron in iron water pipes imported from the East or other competitors.</p><br>
<p>After the foundation of the Oregon Iron Company in 1865, William S. Ladd was elected president of the company. H.C. Leonard became the vice-president and the first plant superintendent, and Henry D. Green became the secretary and company director. Twenty stockholders had invested a total of $500,000 in the company by February 1865, with some stockholders being from New York and San Francisco.</p><br>
<p>Water disputes and Eastern competitors suspended the company several times before finally operations shut down indefinitely in 1894.</p><br>
<h2>Construction and renovation</h2><br>
<p>George D. Wilbur from Connecticut supervised the construction of the furnaces which began in 1866, including the one that remains standing today. Wilbur modeled all the stone furnaces after the furnaces of the Barnum Richardson Company in Lime Rock, Connecticut. The furnaces are 32 feet tall with gothic-style arches lining the walls, 34 feet square at the base, and 26 feet square at the roof. These furnaces were constructed from material from various places. For instance, basalt from the north side of Lake Oswego was used in stonework. Firebrick was imported from Great Britain, and used in the shafts, chimneys and heat exchangers of the furnaces. In order to melt down and refine the iron ore into workable metal iron, the stone walls of the furnaces were constructed to withstand temperatures of up to 2,800°F. Ultimately, the cost of construction was $126,000.</p><br>
<p>In July 2009, work on the deteriorating arches of the Oregon Iron Company Furnace began. However, after the discovery of more deterioration than previously expected, more materials were necessary and extended the completion by three months. Ultimately, it took nine months and $918,000 for the crews to complete the renovation before its completion in March 2010.</p><br>
<p>Ahu A Umi Heiau means "shrine at the temple of Umi" in the Hawaiian Language.</p><br>
<p>It is also spelled "ahu-a-Umi", or known as Ahua A Umi Heiau, which would mean "mound of Umi".</p><br>
<p>It was built for ʻUmi-a-Liloa, often called Umi, who ruled the island of Hawaii early in the 16th century. He moved the seat of government here from the Waipio Valley.</p><br>
<p>The seat of power generally remained in the Kona District until the plantation days hundreds of years later.</p><br>
<p>Ahu A Umi Heiau was also the place where the great chief Keawenuiaumi (the son of</p><br>
<p>Umi) hid to escape death from a strong alii, Kalepuni, who attempted to</p><br>
<p>take over Keawe&#39;s rule.</p><br>
<p>The site was an enclosure surrounded by a number of stone cairns, up to four meters high and seven meters in diameter.</p><br>
<p>It is unusual to be built so far inland, on the high and dry plateau between Mauna Loa and Hualālai.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century the site was built into a corral, but parts remain intact.</p><br>
<p>The Judd Trail was begun in 1849 to create a</p><br>
<p>direct route between Kailua and Hilo near the site, but trail completion was abandoned</p><br>
<p>after the Mauna Loa eruption of 1859 crossed the route.</p><br>
<p>Otherwise the area, and elevation of over 5,000 ft, is not easily accessed today.</p><br>
<p>A number of trails with traditional names mentioning King Umi&#39;s probably existed in that time. Some of these have been proposed to be restored into a Mauna Loa trail system.</p><br>
<p>The site is on the state register of historic places as site number 10-29-3810.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1974, as site number 74000343.</p><br>
<p>It is located in the upper elevations of the ahupuaa (traditional land division) called Keauhou 2.</p><br>
<p>Modern research proposes that the complex includes an astronomical direction register.</p><br>
<p>The East Plymouth Historic District is a historic district in the town of Plymouth, Connecticut, United States. It encompasses a small rural village in the northeastern part of the town, whose main focus is the 1792 St. Matthew&#39;s Church, one of the oldest surviving Episcopal church buildings in the state. The district runs along East Plymouth Road on either side of its junction with Marsh Road, and includes predominantly Greek Revival residential buildings erected in the early to mid-19th century. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The area that is now East Plymouth was sparsely settled until after the American Revolutionary War. The junction of East Plymouth and Marsh Roads was a minor road junction, that assumed importance with the founding in 1792 of St. Matthew&#39;s Church. This church was founded by Plymouth Episcopalians unhappy with a recent decision to build a new church at the western end of the town (now Thomaston), and by Congregationalists of Bristol unhappy with their preacher. The crossroads grew into a small village as parishioners moved to the area, and there were soon a tavern and blacksmith established. The area was dependent on agriculture, and declined economically in the late 19th century, as people moved to find work elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>The historic district extends along East Plymouth Street, a short distance from its junction with Marsh Road. It includes eight 19th-century houses, as well as the former 1792 St. Matthew&#39;s building, now converted to a residence. That building is of historic significance as one of a small number of surviving 18th-century church buildings in the state. The houses and associated outbuildings are mostly in vernacular versions of the Federal and Greek Revival styles popular in the first half of the 19th century. Some houses remained within ownership of the same families well into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The former DeRham Farm is located along Indian Brook Road just off NY 9D in the Town of Philipstown, north of Garrison, New York, United States. It is a complex of buildings assembled by a gentleman farmer in the early 19th century that remain intact today.</p><br>
<p>It has, since its construction, been split into four contiguous lots on either side of the road totalling almost 20 acre. In 1980 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Properties</h2><br>
<p>There are 15 contributing properties, all of them former farm buildings, spread across the four parcels. The main house is located off Indian Brook Road, overlooking the Hudson River and the mountains of the western Hudson Highlands across it. It is a two-and-a-half-story home with a full-length veranda supported by Tuscan columns across the first story on the southern (front) façade. It has a mansard roof with pedimented dormers. A two-story wing, also mansard-roofed, projects from the west.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is elaborately decorated with an elliptical fanlight, keystone and pilasters with architrave trim and sidelights. It opens onto a wainscoted central hallway. The rooms have original mantels, two in marble and one carved in Adamesque.</p><br>
<p>Across the road is a board-and-batten-sided cottage and brick carriage house. The former has a low-pitched gabled roof with scalloped bargeboard trim, and the latter has two pyramidal roofs with cupolas, and round-arched Romanesque windows. East of the cottage is the caretaker&#39;s cottage, a T-shaped clapboard-sided with clipped or arched windows in the gable apexes. To the north of these buildings is yet another residence, the orchard house, sitting on a rock ledge with hipped dormers and a central projecting gable with canopy. It is fenestrated with narrow, arched double windows in the dormers and gables.</p><br>
<p>Several smaller outbuildings are scattered around the property. A playhouse and shed are near the main house, with a wellhouse and garage near the orchard house. East of the caretaker&#39;s cottage is one barn, the ruins of another, two greenhouses, a root cellar and a water tower.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land was first farmed by a tenant farmer named Thomas Davenport in the early 18th century, when it was still part of the vast holdings of Frederick Philipse. Most were later confiscated due to the Philipse family&#39;s support for the Loyalist cause during the Revolutionary War; however the future de Rham property was not among these as it was owned by the heirs of Philip Philipse, who had died in the late 1760s. Davenport and his family lived in a small frame house, probably on the present property, whose exact site is unknown.</p><br>
<p>Davenport&#39;s grandson William appears to have left the area around 1802 and sold his lease to a family named Wheelock. They bought the property outright from the Philipse heirs in 1827. The deed for this transaction mentions the main house and a few of the other structures, so they were apparently built during their ownership.</p><br>
<p>Three years later, in 1830, the Wheelocks sold the property for $6,900 ($ in 2009 dollars) to brothers Adolphus and John Watson, who bought out a third partner the following year. The Watsons operated the Highland School in the main house until 1835, the year after they had sold to Henry Casimir de Rham.</p><br>
<h3>de Rham years</h3><br>
<p>In 1834, the Watsons sold the farm to Henry Casimir de Rham, a Swiss immigrant who had become a successful New York merchant and banker, for $11,000 ($ in 2009 dollars). He owned and operated the farm as a summer and weekend residence, renaming it Giez, after the town of his birth in Switzerland, until his death in 1874 (after which it passed to his son Charles de Rham).</p><br>
<p>He was responsible for three major renovations to the main house in the 19th century, which added the Greek Revival porch, the enlargement of the east wing and the addition of a west wing and the mansard roofs on the whole house. The orchard house was remodeled and expanded in 1929. The de Rham family continued to own the farm until 1949, when it was subdivided into the current four parcels, one of which the family kept. The following year, the main house&#39;s east wing was demolished. There have been no major changes since then.</p><br>
<p>Boonville station is a historic train station located at Boonville, Cooper County, Missouri. It was built in 1912 by the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad. It is a one-story, nine-bay, Mission Revival-Spanish Colonial Revival style building sheathed in stucco. A projecting bay which houses a telegraphers station and the patrons and trainmen&#39;s lobby. It features stepped and arched brick parapets at each gable end supported by three arched columns.</p><br>
<p>The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad Depot.</p><br>
<p>The Appomattox Historic District national historic district located at Appomattox, Appomattox County, Virginia. It contains 297 contributing buildings, 6 contributing structures, and 3 contributing objects in Appomattox. It includes Courthouse Square, the commercial district surrounding the railroad tracks, the Appomattox depot , and surrounding residential areas dating back to the 19th century. Notable buildings include the Appomattox Courthouse , Appomattox County Jail , County Office Building , Knickerbocker Hotel , Bank of Appomattox , Appomattox Middle School , Appomattox Pentecostal Holiness Church , and "The Nebraska House" .</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. It is two miles southwest of the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park. Even though the park and the district share many of the same building names, for example, the court house and the jail, they are different buildings in different locations.</p><br>
<p>The Harriman Historic District is located in the northern section of Bristol, Pennsylvania, United States. It is a 17 acre residential area with 109 buildings, mostly houses, and the local secondary school.</p><br>
<p>By 1921, production at the shipyard had declined due to a postwar shipbuilding slump. The government consequently closed the shipyard and put many of the residential houses up for auction. Most remain standing today, and in 1987 the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a well-preserved example of a government planned and financed residential neighborhood from the World War I era.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is slightly oval in shape, bounded by East and West Circle on the north and south, Farragut Avenue on the east and Trenton Avenue to the west. This neighborhood contains 109 buildings, all but five of which are contributing properties to its historic character.</p><br>
<p>In designing the project, the original architects strove to provide not mere accommodation, but as far as practicable to add individuality to the family buildings, most of which are finished in Tudor Revival or Colonial Revival styles, with brick first floors, stuccoed or wood-ornamented second floors, large porches and steeply pitched gable roofs. The only major surviving non-residential structure, Bristol Junior/Senior High School, was also built as Harriman Public School along with the original housing.</p><br>
<p>About 100 of the original buildings survive today, although most of the original non-residential buildings, including the hotel and the restaurant, were demolished years ago to make room for more residential properties. The streets, many of which are named after American Presidents, are wide and tree-lined.</p><br>
<p>There are also six rows of earlier company housing built in 1907 for the employees of the defunct Standard Cast Iron Pipe & Foundry Company, from which Harriman purchased the property. These houses with their uniform design represent a sharp contrast to the individually tailored houses constructed by the EFC.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1917, railroad heir W. Averell Harriman, anticipating the entry of the United States into World War I, established the Merchant Shipbuilding Corporation (MSC) to build merchant ships for the war effort. Harriman began by purchasing the old shipyard of John Roach & Sons on the Delaware River in Chester, Pennsylvania. He also purchased a waterfront property upriver at Bristol, from the bankrupt Standard Cast Iron Pipe & Foundry Company, where he intended to build a more modern shipyard. After the entry of the United States into the war however, Harriman negotiated an agreement with the Emergency Fleet Corporation whereby the EFC undertook to build the Bristol shipyard and lease it from MSC in return for MSC&#39;s construction of forty 9,000 ton freighters at the yard for a fixed price. The first keels were laid at the yard in September 1917 and the first launching took place in August 1918.</p><br>
<p>The shipyard built by the EFC attracted 11,000 workers and their families to Bristol, and the local property market was quickly exhausted. After rejecting a proposal to declare the city a war zone in order to requisition existing housing for the shipyard workers, the EFC decided to initiate an ambitious new housing project instead. The project was approved by the USA Congress in December 1917, and $35 million was appropriated to pay for it.</p><br>
<p>The Bristol housing project—the largest single housing project undertaken by the EFC—created an entire new township in Bristol which was dubbed "Harriman" after the proprietor of the MSC. Construction began in March 1918 and the first buildings were completed by July, although workers at first declined to occupy them due to high rents. When completed, the new township comprised 320 houses, 278 apartments and 22 dormitories housing a total of 3,800 workers and their families. The township had its own sewage, water and lighting systems, and 212 of the apartments and 66 bungalows were supplied with steam heating from a central heating plant. In addition to the housing itself, 18 stores, a school, a 40-bed hospital, a 500-room hotel known as the "Victory Hotel" and a vast "Merchant Restaurant" capable of serving 12,000 meals a day were constructed.</p><br>
<p>In spite of the great expense that went into construction of the Bristol shipyard and the new township of Harriman, the yard was unable to complete a single ship before the end of the war. However, both the EFC and Harriman himself anticipated a shipbuilding boom in the postwar period, and it was decided to complete all forty of the merchant ships originally ordered. Contrary to their expectations however, the war was followed not by a boom but by a shipbuilding slump. By 1921 there was no more work for the shipyard, and in February of that year it was permanently closed. The government thereafter auctioned off the properties of Harriman township by individual lot, but was able to realize only $870,000 from the sale as opposed to the original design and construction cost of $5.6 million. Harriman township was subsequently incorporated into the Borough of Bristol, which assumed all responsibility for provision of services. In 1987, the township was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Harriman Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Harriman Historic District is recognized today for its association with the World War I mobilization effort, its significance as the largest housing project undertaken by the EFC, and its relative integrity as an example of a government planned and financed residential community from World War I era.</p><br>
<p>The River Terrace Apartments is an apartment building located at 7700 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. River Terrace Apartments was one of the first two garden apartment complexes built in Michigan which used loan guarantees from the Federal Housing Administration, the other being Hillcrest Village in East Lansing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>By the late 19th century, the corridor along East Jefferson Avenue had become a prestigious residential neighborhood. As the automobile age dawned in the twentieth century and Detroit&#39;s population boomed, large upscale apartment buildings were constructed along the Avenue. However, this boom in apartment construction collapsed at the start of the Great Depression. However, in 1939, Wesson Seyburn, along with Leonard P. Reaume, of the property management firm of Holden & Reaume, applied for a building permit to construct this apartment building. It was the first new apartment complex to be constructed along the river since the late 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The owners engaged the architectural firm of Derrick & Gamber to design this apartment building, and it was completed in late 1939 at a cost of $1,250,000. They remain used as apartments until the present.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The River Terrace Apartments are a "garden court" type of apartment complex, consisting of four separate structures surrounding a large garden / lawn space. The garden space slopes down toward the Detroit River, and the apartment buildings are situated to provide river views and access to the shoreline. Each structure has a different footprint, although they all share Georgian Revival architectural details. All buildings have limestone beltcourses between the second and third stories, and the comers of each building have raised brick quoining. The architectural style of the complex exemplifies the FHA standards at the time.</p><br>
<p>All four buildings are 2-1/2 to four stories tall, and are constructed with steel framing, cinder block walls faced with red brick, and flat roofs. The complex contains 178 apartments, varying in size from 2-1/2 room studio apartments to 5 room full apartments. Building number one is U-shaped, with the base of the U fronting on Jefferson. It is stories tall, with a half-story basement level. The facade has a central section, containing the entrance and two flanking windows, which projects slightly from the main section of the building. The entrance is set in a pilaster with a segmental pediment wood frame. Building two forms a long undulating line behind the southwest corner of building one, extending almost to the river. Building three and four are separated from building two by a long courtyard, and zigzag toward the river from the southeast corner of building one.</p><br>
<p>The Pittsburgh Central Downtown Historic District is a historic district in the Central Business District of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is composed of multiple late eighteenth-century buildings which illustrate "Pittsburgh&#39;s emergence during that period as a preeminent industrial and business center," according to Hyman Myers, the former chair of the Pennsylvania Historic Preservation Board.</p><br>
<p>Bounded by Wood Street, Forbes Avenue, Grant Street, and Liberty Avenue, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 17, 1985. Its boundaries were expanded on May 2, 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 17, 1985, the original Pittsburgh Central Downtown Historic District was composed of twenty-six buildings, twenty of which were considered contributing, including a few small former residences built in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Frick Building and USA Post Office and Courthouse are contributing properties and were also listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Other notable contributing properties include the Gulf Tower, the William Penn Hotel, the Oliver Building, Mellon Square, the August Wilson Center, the Federal Reserve Bank Branch, the Frank & Seder Building, the Koppers Building and Trinity Cathedral.</p><br>
<p>The district&#39;s boundaries were expanded on May 2, 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Nevada-California-Oregon Railroad Depot was built by the Nevada-California-Oregon Railway  in 1910 in Reno, Nevada. It is Nevada Historical Marker number 210. It is also listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The building today is used for a restaurant and microbrewery called The Depot Craft Brewery Distillery</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The depot is a two-story rectangular brick building that has a variety of design styles. The low-pitch hip roof is clad in red Spanish tiles. The lower floor has Roman arches around the doors and windows. There is extensive use of concrete in this building, in the quoins, keystones, imposts, and sills.</p><br>
<p>The depot was listed in the National Register of Historic Places for its association with the Nevada-California-Oregon Railway, for the railroad development of Nevada, and for its distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The railroad was organized in Reno in June 1880 as the Nevada and Oregon Railroad. It was decided that the best plan was to build north to the Columbia River to service cattle ranches and farms in northeastern California and eastern Oregon. The company decided to lay narrow-gauge track because it was cheaper than standard gauge construction. It became one of the longest narrow-gauge railroads in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The railroad did well until the mid-1910s. In 1917, the railroad sold all of its holdings in the State of Nevada to the Western Pacific Railroad (WP). The WP then replaced the narrow-gauge track with standard gauge. The depot continued to serve the citizens of Reno until 1937. In 1937 there was no longer passenger service, however the depot was used as offices by the WP until 1975. The building was then sold to private individuals who used it for a variety of functions. After being abandoned for several years, in 2014, the building was heavily renovated for use as a restaurant and microbrewery called The Depot Craft Brewery Distillery, which opened the following year. The decor of the building acknowledges the building&#39;s past as a railroad depot and includes maps and schematics and other artifacts from the NCO and WP Railroads.</p><br>
<p>The Garrison Landing Historic District, also known as Garrison&#39;s Landing, is a small commercial and residential area located between what is now the Metro-North Hudson Line and the Hudson River in Garrison, New York, United States. Its buildings were mostly erected in the 1850s, around the time the Hudson River Railroad, later the New York Central, laid the tracks. Much of the construction was spearheaded by the president of a local ferry company to provide rental housing for local workers. His descendants lived in the area until the late 20th century and led efforts to preserve it, founding and helping to run two organizations for that purpose.</p><br>
<p>Its architecture remained well preserved enough that in the late 1960s the producers of the film version of Hello, Dolly filmed scenes here set in 1890 Yonkers, and made some improvements to the district that still exist. In 1982 the 5.3 acre historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Hudson Highlands Multiple Resource Area. Until 2008 it was also home to Guinan&#39;s, an Irish pub well known outside the area, and the subject of a book by journalist Gwendolyn Bounds.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The districts boundaries are the river on the west, the railroad tracks on the east, Dock Road on the north and the end of Depot Square, just north of the current train station, on the south. That area includes 17 buildings and structures, most of them contributing properties to the districts historic character, on Depot Square and Dock Road plus the open areas extending to the river behind them.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings are located on the west side of Depot Square, the main road into the district, which dead-ends at the southern boundary. The former train station, now a community theater, is the only building between Depot Square and the tracks. They are a mix of commercial and residential use. The few buildings on the very short Dock Road are residential. All buildings in the district use Garrison Landing as their address rather than the street name.</p><br>
<p>There is a marina with open, grassy common and gazebo at the southwestern corner of the district. Views of the USA Military Academy at West Point across the river are available from most of the district.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings are frame houses in the Andrew Jackson Downing-inspired Carpenter Gothic style. There are only three significant buildings in other materials, the Golden Eagle hotel in brick, the stone former train station and the former Guinan&#39;s Pub in stucco. An early house on the river, past the end of Dock Street, uses brick in part.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The earliest extant building in the district is the -story home of Henry White Belcher, owner of the Garrison and West Point Ferry Company. His home, sided in brick on the first story but shiplap above, dates to 1800 and occupied by the Belcher family until late in the 20th century. When the railroad began construction, in the 1850s, Belcher built most of the other homes in the district as tenant properties, to be rented to both his employees and those working at the large riverfront estates nearby.</p><br>
<p>Most were the frame Carpenter Gothic buildings, reflecting the new style of the era. The Golden Eagle Hotel, on Dock Road, completed in 1854, was an exception. It is a three-story brick building on a stone foundation with molded wooden trim on the windows, brick drip moldings, a porch with paneled piers on the ground level and corner brackets and railings, and gabled roof. Near the southern end of the district, one building would be faced in stucco.</p><br>
<p>In 1892, the Golden Eagle would be joined by the Centrals new station building. It mixed elements of the Italianate, Victorian Gothic and Hudson River Bracketed styles, an eclecticism common in the Centrals Hudson Valley stations. It is a one-story stone building with a hipped roof that curves at the end, roof finials, and wood brackets on corbel supports. The original 1850s frame station, which had been on the site, was relocated nearby.</p><br>
<p>Some additional frame buildings were constructed in the early 20th century. There were no other changes to the district or its buildings throughout the next several decades other than the installation of asbestos siding to some of them. In 1968, the Hello Dolly production crew repainted several of the more visible buildings, added a cupola to the train station (since removed) and built the gazebo in the open area near the marina.</p><br>
<p>Since its listing on the Register, the district has become a local arts and cultural center. The train station has been home to the Philipstown Depot Theatre since 1996.</p><br>
<h3>Guinan&#39;s Pub</h3><br>
<p>In 1959 an Irish immigrant, Jim Guinan, opened Guinans, an Irish pub in the stucco building at the south end of the district. Over time, it became a local institution, the subject of a book called Little Chapel on the River by Wall Street Journal reporter Gwendolyn Bounds, and a popular stop for commuters getting coffee and doughnuts in the morning and a drink in the afternoon, after the current station was built in the early 1980s right next to it. News of its closing upon Guinans retirement in early 2007 led to efforts that postponed that for a year. Its closure inspired a play and the recording of a CD of songs frequently performed at the pub&#39;s monthly Irish Nights.</p><br>
<p>The building has been renovated and now includes upscale Dollys restaurant named after the movie Hello Dolly. Residents want Garrison Station Plaza Inc. (GSP), one of the two entities that own most of the districts buildings, to continue the same use so that the Landing will continue to have a cafe or similar business. The company has submitted a request to the town to convert it to offices and an apartment.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>GSP is a for-profit real estate company owned by the non-profit Garrison Landing Association, both chaired at one time by Taylor Belcher, a descendant of Henry. The two entities between them own 10 of the 17 properties in the district, and are charged with maintaining its historic character.</p><br>
<p>The Town of Philipstown zones the district in one of its two business classifications. There is no historic overlay district.</p><br>
<p>The Gibson House  is a historic house that now serves as a museum in Woodland, California. It exemplifies several architectural styles, including Georgian Revival, Italianate and Neoclassical. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The Gibson Family</h3><br>
<p>William Byas Gibson (1831–1906), originally from Virginia, moved from Missouri to California in 1850 with other "overlanders" seeking fortune in Californias gold laden hills. He travelled via covered wagon and settled on Cache Creek in 1850, where he built a modest home. In October 1850 he went to Scott Bar to mine gold, but found little success. He returned to Yolo County in 1851 and bought a plot of 160 acres four and a half miles north east of Woodland, where he grew grain and raised livestock. He sold this property in 1857, and purchased 320 acres of land adjoining the southern part of Woodland, CA. He built a small 16 by 20&#39; structure on this land, which, later became the center of his 3,000 acre estate. He specialized in raising high-grade cattle, like Shorthorn Durhams. Near Christmas of 1857, William married Mary Isabel Cook (d.1915) of Kentucky. Mary was no stranger to living on farming estates. The Cook family emigrated to California in 1853 and established their own successful farm in Yolo County.</p><br>
<p>William and Mary had three sons: Robert (1859-1941), Thomas (b.1861), and Joseph (1863-1897). William and Mary lived in the estates main property until their deaths in 1906 and 1915. Before his death, William handed management of the estate over to his eldest son, Robert. Robert Gibson earned a business degree from Healds Business College in San Francisco, California, and continued operating the estates grain and livestock cultivation following his fathers death. He and his wife Elnora (born Elnora Root) lived on the property until their deaths in 1941 and 1963. The second child, Thomas Gibson, also remained in Woodland. He opened a successful hardware store while also promoting the Woodland Creamery Company. Thomas remained a prominent figure in Woodland throughout his life. He served on several boards concerning local politics, education, businesses, and agriculture. He was also a member of the Native Sons of the Golden West. Not much is known about the youngest son, Joseph, who died at the age of 34 in 1897.</p><br>
<h3>The Gibson House and Ranch</h3><br>
<p>The Gibson House started as a 16 by 20 structure on a 320-acre estate. After William and Mary had children, the first structure became too small. William used his increasing wealth from a successful agricultural business to enlarge the house. He made several extensions between the 1870s and the 1900s, adopting architectural styles popular during each period. The first extension, completed in 1877, included adding two large parlors on the first floor, and a second story with four bedrooms. By 1891, the Gibson estate had grown from the initial 320 acres to 2,400 acres. The farmhouse was surrounded by many outbuildings to help make the operation self-sustaining. Along with a kitchen, pantry and dining room addition to the main house, a root cellar, cook&#39;s house, tan house for water storage, workshop, smokehouse, and a bunk house for hired workers were added to the property.</p><br>
<p>The house entered a state of stasis between 1900 and 1963, with no major extensions or alterations. Meanwhile, the surrounding estate was sold for residential, commercial and agricultural development. Following Elnora Gibson&#39;s death in 1963, the home and acreage was uncared for and dilapidated. Some labeled it a haunted house during this vacancy. In 1975, efforts to purchase the house and the 2.5 acres it resides on were directed by the County of Yolo to establish it as a county park and the first countywide historical museum. Yolo County Historical Museum Corporation was incorporated in 1986, and their board of directors operated the museum on behalf of the county. In 2018, the Yolo County Board of Supervisors transferred stewardship of the house and grounds to YoloArts, the County arts organization, to change the usage of the property. The main house remains a museum, open to the public on weekdays. Two of the barns were transformed, one into a gallery space and another adapted with temperature control for archival and collection storage.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural Features and Styles</h2><br>
<h3>Initial Construction and Modified Georgian Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Gibson house reflects multiple architectural styles. The oldest part of the present structure was a rectangular 16 by 20 wooden building. It is unknown how many stories it had, and whether it displayed any significant features associated with a particular architectural style. In 1877, William Gibson added a 31 by 37 brick structure north of the building, consisting of two stories with porches and balconies on the north and west sides. He next added a smaller two-story brick building to the south end of the old wooden structure, approximately 17 by 35 large. These extended several feet off each side of the old building. Gibson built around the original building instead of demolishing and rebuilding on the same plot. He incorporated the initial house into the additions. It is visible today only upon a structural inspection, mainly seen in the difference in wall thickness. The initial building&#39;s exterior walls, which were thicker than the interior walls, are visible in the doorways between the dining room and kitchen.</p><br>
<p>The 1976 National Register of Historic Places assessment identified the style of the main brick structure as modified Georgian revival due to its massing, hipped roof, and floor plan consisting of a central hallway with two rooms off to each side, each having a fireplace on the outside wall, and four bedrooms upstairs. However, Georgian style was popular in California around 1830, which is far outside of the Gibson Houses construction period. A more appropriate style would be Italianate, which was popular from 1840 to 1885 and fits the houses style and construction period.</p><br>
<h3>Italianate</h3><br>
<p>An 1879 reflects features consistent with Italianate style. Italianate style began in England as part of the Picturesque movement. The movement responded to the formal classical ideals in art and architecture that had been fashionable for the last 200 years. It emphasized the features seen in informal Italian farmhouses, such as their square towers. In the United States, the style took on regional characteristics. In general, the style can be identified by multiple stories, a low-pitched hipped roof, and often a polygonal or square cupola placed on the roof. Other Italianate features visible on the present property include the balustraded balcony, tall double-hung windows with hood moulds, and the paneled front door with a decorative entablature and pilasters. The original square cupola was removed during the Neoclassical remodel, done between 1890 and 1900.</p><br>
<h3>Neoclassical</h3><br>
<p>Neoclassical style rose in popularity from 1895 to 1955. The interest in classical architecture can be attributed to the Worlds Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893. The planners emphasized a classical theme, and the central court consisted of colonnaded buildings designed by some of the periods best known architects. The fair was widely attended and documented, with photos of the exhibits shared throughout the country. The monumental sized buildings influenced the construction of commercial and residential classical buildings. Some of the identifying features include full height porches supported by classical columns (with Ionic or Corinthian capitals), and a symmetrically balanced windows and central door. The Gibson Houses most dominant Neoclassical features are the four columns on the northern façade. The columns have Ionic capitals, identified by the volutes. An oak leaf motif was added to the capital, likely for the surrounding oak trees that still stand on the property today. With the addition of the columnated porch, the house lost its hipped pyramid roof, at present it now has a front gable with patterned wood shingles. The original hipped shape is still visible in the attic space, suggesting the original roof was not removed during the reconstruction but instead covered. The Neoclassical additions were the last major alterations done to the house.</p><br>
<h2>As a museum</h2><br>
<p>Gibson House was Yolo County&#39;s first countywide historical museum.</p><br>
<p>In 2018, the Yolo County Board of Supervisors transferred stewardship of the house and grounds to YoloArts, the County arts organization, to change the usage of the property. Two of the barn spaces were remodeled during the transition. One barn became a modified gallery space, while another was adapted with temperature control to create a stable environment for the historical collection.</p><br>
<p>East End Historic District in Thomasville, Georgia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and was amended in 2003 with increases and decreases to its 13 acre area. Simple Craftsman-style bungalows are the most common.</p><br>
<p>One justification for significance of the district is that it "is significant in the area of community planning and development as... the earliest, documented, planned residential neighborhood in Thomasville and for representing the continued growth and development of a major working-class</p><br>
<p>neighborhood in a community better known for its resort hotels and seasonal residences." Thomasville is asserted to be unique in Georgia "because development during the late 19th century was driven by the citys reputation as a winter resort town for wealthy Northerners", for whom hotels and large "cottages&#39;" were constructed. (Many examples of these are in the Paradise Park area, listed as Paradise Park Historic District in 1984.)</p><br>
